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【medical-news】【资讯翻译】研究揭示头部损伤与Alzheimer's病的联系

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原文链接： http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/269460.php
Tentative molecular link between head injury and Alzheimer's
Using a powerful laser imaging technique, a study led by the University of Cambridge in the UK shows how tiny pieces of a protein linked with Alzheimer's Disease could be the start of a process that leads to the onset and spread of the disease.
The researchers also cautiously suggest the finding offers a plausible explanation as to why head injuries are linked to Alzheimer's.
For their study, the researchers used a model cell culture, which shows how the disease may take root and develop in the brain.
But they emphasize the limitations of such an approach and warn that the reality is likely far more complicated. Their findings should be treated as just a piece of the puzzle, as lead investigator Clemens Kaminski, professor of chemical physics at the University of Cambridge, explains:
"These are molecular-level glimpses of what may be going on. We are just beginning to see the molecular steps that may provide an explanation for what we see in the brains of patients who have died of Alzheimer's."
Prof. Kaminski and colleagues report their findings in a recent online issue of the Journal Of Biological Chemistry.
Chain reaction leads to clumping inside cells
Their study focuses on a protein called tau, which is normally found in healthy cells. But in brains of people who have died of Alzheimer's, there are clumps of abnormal tau, which are thought to play a key role in stopping brain cells from functioning.
For their study, they used what they describe as a model culture, which contains cells that behave like neurons and whose basic chemical processes can be observed with laser-based imaging techniques.

They added small amounts of tau to the outside of these cells and were surprised to find they immediately started ingesting the protein.
The uptake of the protein - a mechanism known as endocytosis - appeared also to trigger the process through which the protein begins to form clumps. This led to a chain reaction that affected the "healthy" tau already in the cells - they too started to form clumps.
Study may show how Alzheimer's begins
The researchers say while the model they used has limitations and is likely to be much simpler than real life, they think it offers a plausible explanation about how Alzheimer's begins.
If true, then the implication is: anything that causes tau to escape from inside cells to the outside could be a trigger - head injuries being a prime candidate.

There are also other possible ways that tau can escape from inside brain cells, and these could be linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, such as brain cancer and Parkinson's.
The team plans to take their investigations further and identify, for example, how and where a molecule of tau entering a brain cell meets the tau already inside it, and how this leads to clusters of tau. This could reveal targets for treatment.
Most research into treatments for Alzheimer's and other diseases involving tau clumps have focused on how to remove the clumps once they have formed. This study suggests that finding ways to stop them forming in the first place might be just as important.
More studies needed on head injury as a trigger
Dr. Simon Ridley, head of research at Alzheimer's Research UK, says:"Investigating how the tau protein spreads between nerve cells can help researchers better understand what causes the disease and offer new approaches for treatments. It is unclear from this study whether head injury could trigger this molecular process, but it is a risk factor for dementia that needs to be investigated further."
Funds from the Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Council and Alzheimer's Research UK helped finance the study.
In September 2012, a study published in the journal Neurology suggested that professional football players are much more likely to die from Alzheimer's disease and ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease).
In that study, researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in Cincinnati, OH, found that professional football players had triple the risk of death caused by diseases that destroy or damage brain cells, compared with other people.

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2013-11-30 08:37 浏览 : 748 回复 : 4

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文题：Extracellular Monomeric Tau is Sufficient to Initiate the Spread of Tau Pathology.
期刊：Journal Of Biological Chemistry.
PMID: 24235150

J. Biol. Chem.-2013-Michel-jbc.M113.515445.pdf(3287.55k)

2013-11-30 08:52

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认领本文翻译，48小时内未完成，请其他战友认领！

2013-11-30 13:52

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Tentative molecular link between headinjury and Alzheimer's
头部损伤与阿尔兹海默病可能的分子联系机制
Using a powerful laser imaging technique, astudy led by the University of Cambridge in the UK shows how tiny pieces of aprotein linked with Alzheimer's Disease could be the start of a process thatleads to the onset and spread of the disease.
通过运用一种强大的激光成像技术，一个由英国剑桥大学领导的研究，展示了为什么少量的一个与阿尔兹海默病相关的蛋白，可能是导致该疾病发生发展的过程的启动因素。
The researchers also cautiously suggest thefinding offers a plausible explanation as to why head injuries are linked toAlzheimer's.
研究人员还谨慎地认为：这些发现为为什么头部损伤与阿尔兹海默病相关这个问题，提供了一个可能的解释。
For their study, the researchers used amodel cell culture, which shows how the disease may take root and develop inthe brain.
在他们的研究中，实验人员使用的是模式细胞培养。其结果展示该疾病可能是怎样在大脑中发生发展。
But they emphasize the limitations of suchan approach and warn that the reality is likely far more complicated. Theirfindings should be treated as just a piece of the puzzle, as lead investigatorClemens Kaminski, professor of chemical physics at the University of Cambridge,explains:
但是他们也强调该方法的局限性，同时还警告说真实情况可能远比（该实验）复杂。他们的发现仅能当做拼图的一块，该项目的领导者剑桥大学化学物理教授Clemens Kaminski解释说。
"These are molecular-level glimpses ofwhat may be going on. We are just beginning to see the molecular steps that mayprovide an explanation for what we see in the brains of patients who have diedof Alzheimer's."
“有些研究可能发生了什么的分子层次的实验正在进行中。我们只是开始看到可能的分子机制的步骤，而它们或许能解释我们在死于阿尔兹海默病的病人大脑中看到（现象）。
Prof. Kaminski and colleagues report theirfindings in a recent online issue of the Journal Of Biological Chemistry.
Kaminski教授及其同事在最近《the Journal Of Biological Chemistry》杂志的在线版本发表了他们的研究结果。
Chain reaction leads to clumping insidecells
链式反应导致细胞内的聚集
Their study focuses on a protein calledtau, which is normally found in healthy cells. But in brains of people who havedied of Alzheimer's, there are clumps of abnormal tau, which are thought toplay a key role in stopping brain cells from functioning.
他们的研究聚焦一个叫做tau的蛋白，该蛋白经常在健康细胞发现。但是在死于阿尔兹海默病的病人大脑，有异常tau团块。这些团块被认为在妨碍脑细胞正常工作中起关键作用。
For their study, they used what theydescribe as a model culture, which contains cells that behave like neurons andwhose basic chemical processes can be observed with laser-based imagingtechniques.
在他们实验中，他们使用一种他们描述为“模式培养”的方法。该培养包含行为像神经元同时其基本的化学过程能被激光成像技术观察到的细胞。
They added small amounts of tau to theoutside of these cells and were surprised to find they immediately startedingesting the protein.
他们在这些细胞外加入少量的tau后，惊异的发现这些细胞立即开始摄取这些蛋白。
The uptake of the protein - a mechanismknown as endocytosis - appeared also to trigger the process through which theprotein begins to form clumps. This led to a chain reaction that affected the"healthy" tau already in the cells - they too started to form clumps.
摄取蛋白（一种叫做胞吞的机制）还触发蛋白开始形成团块的过程。这引起一个能影响到细胞内已经存在的“正常”tau的链式反应——它们也开始形成团块。
Study may show how Alzheimer's begins
研究可能展示了阿尔兹海默病怎样发病
The researchers say while the model theyused has limitations and is likely to be much simpler than real life, theythink it offers a plausible explanation about how Alzheimer's begins.
研究人员说尽管它们使用的模型具有局限性，可能比真实情况简化很多，但是他们认为这为阿尔兹海默病怎么起病提供了一个可能解释。
If true, then the implication is: anythingthat causes tau to escape from inside cells to the outside could be a trigger -head injuries being a prime candidate.
如果真实这样，这意味着任何导致tau从胞内到胞外的原因都可能是触发因素——头部损伤是首要候选因素。
There are also other possible ways that taucan escape from inside brain cells, and these could be linked to otherneurodegenerative diseases, such as brain cancer and Parkinson's.
tau从脑细胞内逃脱还有其他的方式，它们可能与其他的神经退行性疾病相关，如脑肿瘤和帕金森病。
The team plans to take their investigationsfurther and identify, for example, how and where a molecule of tau entering abrain cell meets the tau already inside it, and how this leads to clusters oftau. This could reveal targets for treatment.
研究团队计划进一步研究，并搞清，如tau蛋白分子是怎样、在什么地方遇到细胞内已经存在的tau，又是怎样导致tau聚集。这可能为治疗提供新的靶点。
Most research into treatments forAlzheimer's and other diseases involving tau clumps have focused on how toremove the clumps once they have formed. This study suggests that finding waysto stop them forming in the first place might be just as important.
大部分关于治疗阿尔兹海默病及其他与tau聚集相关疾病的研究主要集中在，怎样移出已经形成的团块。这个研究显示找到阻止团块一开始形成的方法可能同等重要。
More studies needed on head injury as atrigger
需更多的研究证实头部损伤是触发因素
Dr. Simon Ridley, head of research atAlzheimer's Research UK, says:"Investigating how the tau protein spreadsbetween nerve cells can help researchers better understand what causes thedisease and offer new approaches for treatments. It is unclear from this studywhether head injury could trigger this molecular process, but it is a riskfactor for dementia that needs to be investigated further."
英国阿尔兹海默病研究的领导者SimonRidley医生说：“研究tau蛋白怎样在神经细胞中传播能帮助研究者更好地认识该疾病病因，并提供新治疗途径。通过该研究我们不能明确脑部损伤能否触发这个分子过程，但是它是痴呆病中一个需要进一步研究的危险因素。”
Funds from the Wellcome Trust, the MedicalResearch Council and Alzheimer's Research UK helped finance the study.
来自英国医学研究委员会“WellcomeTrust”和英国阿尔兹海默病研究的基金资助了该研究。
In September 2012, a study published in thejournal Neurology suggested that professional football players are much morelikely to die from Alzheimer's disease and ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease).
2012年9月，发表在《Neurology》杂志的一个研究显示，职业足球运动员更容易死于阿尔兹海默病和ALS（Lou Gehrig病，肌萎缩侧索硬化）。
In that study, researchers from theNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in Cincinnati, OH, foundthat professional football players had triple the risk of death caused bydiseases that destroy or damage brain cells, compared with other people.
在那个研究中，俄亥俄州辛辛那提国家职业安全与健康研究所的研究人员，发现职业足球运动员死于与脑细胞损伤相关疾病的风险，是其他人的3倍。

2013-11-30 17:19

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myhuyong 编辑于 2013-11-30 17:25

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