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【科普】高血压科普知识

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原文链接：http://health.nytimes.com/ref/health/healthguide/esn-hypertension-ess.html

Blood pressure

Blood pressure is a measurement of the force applied to the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the body. The pressure is determined by the force and amount of blood pumped, and the size and flexibility of the arteries.
Blood pressure is continually changing depending on activity, temperature, diet, emotional state, posture, physical state, and medication use.

Blood pressure is the force applied against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the body. The pressure is determined by the force and amount of blood pumped and the size and flexibility of the arteries.

blood pressure check

To measure blood pressure, your doctor uses an instrument call a "sphygmomanometer," more often referred to as a blood pressure cuff. The cuff is wrapped around your upper arm and inflated to stop the flow of blood in your artery. As the cuff is slowly deflated, your doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to the blood pumping through the artery. These pumping sounds register on a gauge attached to the cuff. The first pumping sound your doctor hears is recorded as the systolic pressure, and the last sound is the diastolic pressure.

Effects of Age on Blood Pressure

Blood vessels become less elastic with age. The "average" blood pressure increases from 120/70 to 150/90 and may persist slightly high even if treated. The blood vessels respond more slowly to a change in body position.

High Blood Pressure Tests

Routine lab tests are recommended before beginning treatment of high blood pressure to determine organ or tissue damage or other risk factors. These lab tests include urinalysis, blood cell count, blood chemistry (potassium, sodium, creatinine, fasting glucose, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol), and an ECG (electrocardiogram). Additional tests may be recommended based on your condition.

Monitoring Blood Pressure

Reducing your weight by just 10 pounds may be enough to lower your blood pressure. Losing weight can help to enhance the effects of high blood pressure medication and may also reduce other risk factors, such as diabetes and high bad cholesterol.

A diet that is effective in lowering blood pressure is called Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH).

Untreated Hypertension

Hypertension is a disorder characterized by chronically high blood pressure. It must be monitored, treated and controlled by medication, lifestyle changes, or a combination of both

In Brief:

A low-salt, heart-healthy diet is staging a comeback as some 60-plus drugs fail to rein in rising hypertension rates.

As many as half of the 70 million Americans with hypertension are sensitive to salt, versus 10 percent of Americans in general.

When combined with the right diet, cutting back on salt can lower blood pressure as well as any single hypertension pill.

Older, cheaper drugs for high blood pressure may work just as well as, or better than, new and expensive ones.

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2009-06-22 00:52 浏览 : 3722 回复 : 3

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本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。

2009-06-22 12:55

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高血压科普知识

原文链接：http://health.nytimes.com/ref/health/healthguide/esn-hypertension-ess.html

Blood pressure
血压

Blood pressure is a measurement of the force applied to the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the body. The pressure is determined by the force and amount of blood pumped, and the size and flexibility of the arteries.
血压是当心脏将血泵入身体时对动脉壁产生作用力的一种衡量。作用力、泵血量和动脉粗细、弹性决定压力大小。

Blood pressure is continually changing depending on activity, temperature, diet, emotional state, posture, physical state, and medication use.
血压是取决活动、温度、膳食、情感状态、姿势、生理状态和药物使用而发生持续变化的。

Blood pressure is the force applied against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood through the body. The pressure is determined by the force and amount of blood pumped and the size and flexibility of the arteries.
血压是当心脏泵血入身体时动脉壁受到的作用力。作用力、泵血量和动脉粗细、弹性决定压力的大小。

blood pressure check
血压测量

To measure blood pressure, your doctor uses an instrument call a "sphygmomanometer," more often referred to as a blood pressure cuff. The cuff is wrapped around your upper arm and inflated to stop the flow of blood in your artery. As the cuff is slowly deflated, your doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to the blood pumping through the artery. These pumping sounds register on a gauge attached to the cuff. The first pumping sound your doctor hears is recorded as the systolic pressure, and the last sound is the diastolic pressure.
为了测量血压，医生会使用一种叫“血压计”的工具，更通常指一种套袖式血压表。这种缠绕在上臂的套袖膨胀时可使动脉里的血流停止。当套袖慢慢膨胀时，医生用听诊器听血泵入动脉的过程。这些泵的声音被记录在与套袖相连的表上。医生听到的第一个泵的声音被记录为收缩压，最后一个声音是舒张压。

Effects of Age on Blood Pressure
年龄对血压的影响

Blood vessels become less elastic with age. The "average" blood pressure increases from 120/70 to 150/90 and may persist slightly high even if treated. The blood vessels respond more slowly to a change in body position.
血管弹性随着年龄的增长变得越来越差。平均血压从120/70升高到150/90，即使在治疗时仍可能轻微地持续升高。血管对身体体位变动作出的反应更慢。

High Blood Pressure Tests
高血压的测量

Routine lab tests are recommended before beginning treatment of high blood pressure to determine organ or tissue damage or other risk factors. These lab tests include urinalysis, blood cell count, blood chemistry (potassium, sodium, creatinine, fasting glucose, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol), and an ECG (electrocardiogram). Additional tests may be recommended based on your condition.
在开始治疗决定器官或组织损伤或危险因素的高血压前推荐常规实验室检查。这些检查包括尿液分析、血细胞计数、血生化（钾、钠、肌酐、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白）和心电图。基于身体状态推荐可能进行的附加检验。

Monitoring Blood Pressure
血压的监测

Hypertension is a disorder characterized by chronically high blood pressure. It must be monitored, treated and controlled by medication, lifestyle changes, or a combination of both.
高血压是以慢性血压增高为特征的疾病。必须通过药物治疗、改变生活方式或两者联合来监测、治疗和控制高血压。

Exercise Can Lower Blood Pressure lose
运动能降低高血压

Reducing your weight by just 10 pounds may be enough to lower your blood pressure. Losing weight can help to enhance the effects of high blood pressure medication and may also reduce other risk factors, such as diabetes and high bad cholesterol.
减轻体重仅仅10磅可能已足够降低血压。减轻体重有助于增强药物治疗高血压的效果，也可能降低其它的危险因素，如糖尿病和高胆固醇血症。

A diet that is effective in lowering blood pressure is called Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH).
所谓阻止高血压的膳食模式（DASH）的一种食谱对降低血压是有效的。

Untreated Hypertension
未经治疗的高血压

Hypertension is a disorder characterized by chronically high blood pressure. It must be monitored, treated and controlled by medication, lifestyle changes, or a combination of both
高血压是一种以慢性血压增高为特征的疾病，必须通过药物治疗、改变生活方式或两者联合来监测、治疗和控制高血压。

In Brief:
简单的说：

A low-salt, heart-healthy diet is staging a comeback as some 60-plus drugs fail to rein in rising hypertension rates.
当一些药物控制高血压升高程度失败的时候，低盐、心脏健康膳食被逐渐采纳。

As many as half of the 70 million Americans with hypertension are sensitive to salt, versus 10 percent of Americans in general.
7000万美国高血压患者中有一半对盐敏感，而一般的美国中人这一比例只有10％。

When combined with the right diet, cutting back on salt can lower blood pressure as well as any single hypertension pill.
当联合正确饮食时，限制食盐能降低血压，如同任何单一降压药的治疗。

Older, cheaper drugs for high blood pressure may work just as well as, or better than, new and expensive ones.
较早的、更便宜的降压药可与新型的昂贵的降压药一样或更有效。

编译如下：
高血压科普知识

血压

血压是当心脏将血泵入身体时对动脉壁产生作用力的一种衡量。作用力、泵血量和动脉粗细、弹性决定压力大小。

血压是取决活动、温度、膳食、情感状态、姿势、生理状态和药物使用而发生持续变化的。

血压是当心脏泵血入身体时动脉壁受到的作用力。作用力、泵血量和动脉粗细、弹性决定压力的大小。

血压测量

为了测量血压，医生会使用一种叫“血压计”的工具，更通常指一种套袖式血压表。这种缠绕在上臂的套袖膨胀时可使动脉里的血流停止。当套袖慢慢膨胀时，医生用听诊器听血泵入动脉的过程。这些泵的声音被记录在与套袖相连的表上。医生听到的第一个泵的声音被记录为收缩压，最后一个声音是舒张压。

年龄对血压的影响

血管弹性随着年龄的增长变得越来越差。平均血压从120/70升高到150/90，即使在治疗时仍可能轻微地持续升高。血管对身体体位变动作出的反应更慢。

高血压的测量

在开始治疗决定器官或组织损伤或危险因素的高血压前推荐常规实验室检查。这些检查包括尿液分析、血细胞计数、血生化（钾、钠、肌酐、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白）和心电图。基于身体状态推荐可能进行的附加检验。

血压的监测

高血压是以慢性血压增高为特征的疾病。必须通过药物治疗、改变生活方式或两者联合来监测、治疗和控制高血压。

运动能降低高血压

减轻体重仅仅10磅可能已足够降低血压。减轻体重有助于增强药物治疗高血压的效果，也可能降低其它的危险因素，如糖尿病和高胆固醇血症。

所谓阻止高血压的膳食模式（DASH）的一种食谱对降低血压是有效的。

未经治疗的高血压

高血压是一种以慢性血压增高为特征的疾病，必须通过药物治疗、改变生活方式或两者联合来监测、治疗和控制高血压。

简单的说：

当一些药物控制高血压升高程度失败的时候，低盐、心脏健康膳食被逐渐采纳。

7000万美国高血压患者中有一半对盐敏感，而一般的美国中人这一比例只有10％。

当联合正确饮食时，限制食盐能降低血压，如同任何单一降压药的治疗。

较早的、更便宜的降压药可与新型的昂贵的降压药一样或更有效。

2009-06-23 22:47

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• 为什么有的医院患者少，工作轻松，但医生收入很高

feng929

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图片很好，收藏了

2009-06-27 16:35

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• 2021年上海市医学会呼吸分会病例讨论(上海市东方医院提供，1.27揭秘)

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