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这个帖子发布于10年零306天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。

因特殊原因,求助翻译,愿转移积分4分,请24h内完成,谢谢
First trimester trophoblast cells express TLRs
The ﬁrst objective of this study was to determine the expression pattern of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in ﬁrst trimester placental villous and extravillous tissues. As shown in Fig. 1A, positive immunoreactivity was observed for TLR-2 and TLR-4 in ﬁrst trimester placental villi (i and iii) and extravillous tissues (ii and iv). Extravillous trophoblast cells displayed strong positive immunoreactivity for both TLR-2 (ii) and TLR-4 (iv). Interestingly, in the villous tissues, expression of TLR-2 (i) and TLR-4 (iii) was restricted to the villous cytotrophoblast cells, while the syncythiotrophoblast cells were negative for both receptors. To further characterize these observations, the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in ﬁrst trimester trophoblast primary cultures and cell lines was evaluated (Fig. 1B). Similarly, as observed in the tissue sections, ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells showed positive immunoreactivity for both TLR-2 (i and iii) and TLR-4 (ii and iv). The staining on the cell cultures was localized both intracellularly, as well as on the cell surface and displayed a polarized pattern.
To conﬁrm the speciﬁcity of these ﬁndings, the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 by trophoblast cells was evaluated by Western blot analysis. As shown in Fig. 1C, primary cultures of ﬁrst trimester trophoblast isolated from placental villi, as well as the ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cell lines, 3A and H8, expressed a 90-kDa protein corresponding to TLR-2, and the 88-kDa TLR-4 protein. In addition, all cells expressed the 35-kDa TLR signaling adapter protein, MyD88 (Fig. 1C), suggesting that TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressed by ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells have the potential to signal and, therefore, be functional.
Because TLR-2 has been shown to co-operate with either TLR-1 or TLR-6 for ligand recognition (34–37), the expression of these receptors was determined in ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells. As shown in Fig. 1D, ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells expressed the 350-bp product for TLR-1, but failed to express the 500-bp product for TLR-6.
TLR-2, but not TLR-4, reduces trophoblast cell viability
Once the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, and MyD88 by ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells had been established, the biological function of these receptors in trophoblast cells was evaluated. As shown in Fig. 2A, when trophoblast cells were incubated in the presence of the TLR-2 agonist, PDG, a signiﬁcant decrease in cell viability was observed, as determined by the CellTiter 96 assay. Treatment of cells with the TLR-4 agonist, LPS, did not reduce trophoblast cell viability. However, after 48 h of treatment with LPS, there was a slight but signiﬁcant increase in cell viability ( p 0.001), which was not evident after 72 and 96 h of treatment. In contrast, the effect of PDG on cell viability occurred in a time dependent manner, with a reduction in trophoblast viability of 25.93 2.31% after 48 h ( p 0.001), 33.75 0.65% after 72 h ( p 0.05), and 72.33 4.79% following 96 h ( p 0.001) of treatment. Although the reduction in trophoblast cell viability induced by PDG was dose-dependent (Fig. 2B), no such effect could be detected following treatment with LPS at varying concentrations (Fig. 2C). In a separate experiment, PDG (80 g/ml) reduced trophoblast cell viability by 74%, however, in the presence of a blocking anti-TLR-2 mAb (50 g/ml), PDG reduced cell viability by 66% ( p 0.05 relative to PDG alone; data not shown)
TLR-2, but not TLR-4, mediates apoptosis in ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells
The next objective was to determine whether the decrease in trophoblast viability through TLR-2 was the result of an induction in apoptosis. Therefore, ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells were incubated with either no treatment (NT), PDG, or LPS (80 g/ml). Following a 48 h treatment, the cells were double stained with propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342 dye and the number of apoptotic cells were analyzed by ﬂow cytometry. Treatment with PDG resulted in a 61.72% increase in the number of apoptotic trophoblast cells compared with the untreated control, while no such increase in apoptotic trophoblast cells was observed following treatment with LPS (Fig. 3).

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2009-01-21 22:39 浏览 : 649 回复 : 2

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cherry_28 编辑于 2009-01-24 20:28

• 医生亲口讲述：万米高空吸尿800毫升紧急救助

AMAUNATOR

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不好意思看错了，嘿嘿。怎么最近大家都是4分翻译啊。我还是先翻译一路向北版主的啦。
这篇看起来是差不多内容的，一起认领了，明天翻译。

First trimester trophoblast cells express TLRs
妊娠早期滋养层细胞中Toll样受体（TLR）的表达
The ﬁrst objective of this study was to determine the expression pattern of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in ﬁrst trimester placental villous and extravillous tissues.
本研究的首要目的是阐明妊娠早期绒毛膜和绒毛膜外组织中TLR-2和TLR-4的表达方式。
As shown in Fig. 1A, positive immunoreactivity was observed for TLR-2 and TLR-4 in ﬁrst trimester placental villi (i and iii) and extravillous tissues (ii and iv).
如图1A所示：妊娠早期绒毛膜(i and iii)和绒毛膜外组织(ii and iv)中TLR-2和TLR-4都呈阳性免疫反应。
Extravillous trophoblast cells displayed strong positive immunoreactivity for both TLR-2 (ii) and TLR-4 (iv).
绒毛膜外组织滋养层细胞中TLR-2 (ii)和TLR-4 (iv)都为强阳性反应。
Interestingly, in the villous tissues, expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 (iii) was restricted to the villous cytotrophoblast cells, while the syncythiotrophoblast cells were negative for both receptors.
有趣的是：绒毛膜组织中，TLR-2 和TLR-4 (iii)的表达仅限于细胞滋养细胞，而在合胞滋养层细胞中并无表达。
To further characterize these observations, the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in ﬁrst trimester trophoblast primary cultures and cell lines was evaluated (Fig. 1 .
为了对以上观察进一步定性分析，人们测量了妊娠早期滋养层原代培养细胞及细胞株中TLR-2和 TLR-4的表达水平（如图1）。
Similarly, as observed in the tissue sections, ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells showed positive immunoreactivity for both TLR-2 (i and iii) and TLR-4 (ii and iv).
与组织切片观察结果类似，妊娠早期滋养层细胞TLR-2 (i and iii) 和TLR-4 (ii and iv)免疫反应均为阳性。
The staining on the cell cultures was localized both intracellularly, as well as on the cell surface and displayed a polarized pattern.
试验中培养细胞的免疫染色区域为细胞内以及细胞表面，并呈现极化分布。

To conﬁrm the speciﬁcity of these ﬁndings, the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 by trophoblast cells was evaluated by Western blot analysis.
为了证实此结果的特异性，研究者还使用免疫印迹分析测定了滋养层细胞中TLR-2和 TLR-4的表达水平。
As shown in Fig. 1C, primary cultures of ﬁrst trimester trophoblast isolated from placental villi, as well as the ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cell lines, 3A and H8, expressed a 90-kDa protein corresponding to TLR-2, and the 88-kDa TLR-4 protein.
如图1C所示：胎盘绒毛膜分离的妊娠早期滋养层细胞原代培养细胞，以及妊娠早期滋养层细胞株3A和H8，有TLR-2的90-kDa蛋白和TLR-4的88-kDa蛋白表达。
In addition, all cells expressed the 35-kDa TLR signaling adapter protein, MyD88 (Fig. 1C), suggesting that TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressed by ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells have the potential to signal and, therefore, be functional.
此外，所有细胞均有35-kDa 的TLR的信号衔接蛋白表达：即为MyD88 (见图1C)，提示妊娠早期滋养层细胞所表达的TLR-2 和TLR-4有可能能进行信号传递，因此它们有可能都是有功能的。

Because TLR-2 has been shown to co-operate with either TLR-1 or TLR-6 for ligand recognition (34–37), the expression of these receptors was determined in ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells. As shown in Fig. 1D, ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells expressed the 350-bp product for TLR-1, but failed to express the 500-bp product for TLR-6.
已有研究发现TLR-2在配体结合方面与TLR-1或TLR-6有协同作用。所以我们也检测了妊娠早期滋养层细胞TLR-1和TLR-6的表达水平。如图1D所示：妊娠早期滋养层细胞中检测到了TLR-1的350-bp表达产物，但没有检测到TLR-6的500-bp表达产物。
TLR-2, but not TLR-4, reduces trophoblast cell viability
TLR-2减少了滋养层细胞的细胞活力，但TLR-4没有这个作用。
Once the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, and MyD88 by ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells had been established, the biological function of these receptors in trophoblast cells was evaluated.
妊娠早期滋养层细胞中TLR-2，TLR-4和 MyD88的表达之间的联系已经确立，我们也研究了这些受体分子的生物功能。
As shown in Fig. 2A, when trophoblast cells were incubated in the presence of the TLR-2 agonist, PDG, a signiﬁcant decrease in cell viability was observed, as determined by the CellTiter 96 assay.
如图2A所示，以CellTiter 96分析，发现在有TLR-2激动剂的环境中孵育的滋养层细胞，其活性明显下降。
Treatment of cells with the TLR-4 agonist, LPS, did not reduce trophoblast cell viability.
而以TLR-4激动剂LPS处理的滋养层细胞并未有细胞活性下降。
However, after 48 h of treatment with LPS, there was a slight but signiﬁcant increase in cell viability ( p 0.001), which was not evident after 72 and 96 h of treatment.
在以LPS处理48小时之后，细胞活力有轻度的但有统计学意义的上升（p<0.001），但在达到72和96小时后就不明显了。
In contrast, the effect of PDG on cell viability occurred in a time dependent manner, with a reduction in trophoblast viability of 25.93 2.31% after 48 h ( p 0.001), 33.75 0.65% after 72 h ( p 0.05), and 72.33 4.79% following 96 h ( p 0.001) of treatment.
与此相反，PDG有减少滋养层细胞的细胞活力的作用，且呈时间依赖性：PDG处理48小时后滋养层细胞活力25.93,下降2.31%( p <0.001)，72小时后为33.75，下降0.65%( p<0.05)，96小时后为72.33，下降4.79%( p <0.001)。
Although the reduction in trophoblast cell viability induced by PDG was dose-dependent (Fig. 2 , no such effect could be detected following treatment with LPS at varying concentrations (Fig. 2C).
PDG减少滋养层细胞活力的作用是呈剂量依赖性的（如图2 ，但以不同浓度的LPS处理细胞时，我们并未发现其有减少细胞活力的作用。
In a separate experiment, PDG (80 g/ml) reduced trophoblast cell viability by 74%, however, in the presence of a blocking anti-TLR-2 mAb (50 g/ml), PDG reduced cell viability by 66% ( p 0.05 relative to PDG alone; data not shown)
在分离试验中，PDG(80 g/ml)减少了滋养层细胞74%的活力，而在加入阻断性的抗TLR-2抗体 (50 g/ml)时，PDG仅减少了滋养层细胞66%的活力（与单用PDG时比较，p 0.05，具体数据未显示）。

TLR-2, but not TLR-4, mediates apoptosis in ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells
TLR-2介导了妊娠早期滋养层细胞的细胞凋亡，但TLR-4没有这个作用。
The next objective was to determine whether the decrease in trophoblast viability through TLR-2 was the result of an induction in apoptosis.
接下来我们要证实的是TLR-2是否是通过介导凋亡来减少滋养层细胞活力的。
Therefore, ﬁrst trimester trophoblast cells were incubated with either no treatment (NT), PDG, or LPS (80 g/ml).
首先体外孵育滋养层细胞，一组未经过处理（NT），一组以PDG处理，一组以LPS (80 g/ml)处理。
Following a 48 h treatment, the cells were double stained with propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342 dye and the number of apoptotic cells were analyzed by ﬂow cytometry.
48小时后，所有细胞均以碘化吡啶染色和Hoechst 33342 染色，以流式细胞仪分析凋亡细胞数量。
Treatment with PDG resulted in a 61.72% increase in the number of apoptotic trophoblast cells compared with the untreated control, while no such increase in apoptotic trophoblast cells was observed following treatment with LPS (Fig. 3).
PDG组滋养层细胞的凋亡数量较未处理的控制组增加了61.72%，而LPS组的凋亡细胞数量未有明显升高（如图3）。

2009-01-21 23:15

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AMAUNATOR 编辑于 2009-01-23 10:10

• 丁香早知道 - 11.18 | 国务院发文推广三明医改，全面推进医生薪酬改革

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cherry_28

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请斑竹转移积分，谢谢AMAUNATOR

2009-01-24 20:27

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• AVG血栓介入治疗——超声引导下导管溶栓+球囊扩张（四）

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